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Cum hoc ergo propter hoc.
Correlation does not imply causation.

As ice cream sales increase, the rate of drowning deaths increases sharply.
Therefore, ice cream consumption causes drowning.

No, both tend to increase when summer arrives. More people swim, and more people frown. And more people eat ice cream.

Or - the more often a lady had a mammogram, the more likely she is to get and early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Therefore, mammograms cause breast cancer.

No. Frequent checking increases the probability of finding it early. Infrequent checking decreases the chance of early diagnosis.